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Layer 2 and Rollups: Architecture, Bridges and Building on L2s

Master Layer 2 scaling: rollup mechanics, sequencers, bridges, and deployment on Arbitrum, Base, and OP Stack.

Intermediate26 lessons6.43 hoursCertificate

About this course

Ethereum’s Layer 2 ecosystem is where most applications will scale. But L2s are not all the same—and choosing the wrong one, or building without understanding sequencers, data availability, and bridges, can cost you millions.

This course teaches you the architecture of optimistic and zero-knowledge rollups, how sequencers work and why decentralization matters, why data availability is the new bottleneck, how bridges fail and how to use them safely, and how to deploy and optimize on Arbitrum, Base, and OP Stack chains.

You’ll work through real examples: analyzing rollup economics, building a ZK circuit, designing a bridge strategy, and deploying a contract to production. By the end, you’ll be able to evaluate any L2, understand its trade-offs, and architect systems that work across multiple chains.

**Who this is for:**
– Blockchain developers building scalable applications
– Protocol engineers evaluating L2 solutions
– Architects designing multi-chain systems
– Teams migrating from Ethereum mainnet to L2

**What you’ll learn:**
– Why Layer 2s exist and the scalability trilemma
– How optimistic and ZK rollups work, and when to use each
– Sequencer design, MEV, and decentralization
– Data availability solutions and their costs
– Bridge mechanics and failure modes
– How to deploy on Arbitrum, Base, and OP Stack
– Gas optimization and UX on L2s
– How to choose the right L2 for your project

**Includes:**
– 7 modules, 24+ lessons with hands-on labs
– Interactive quizzes and knowledge checks
– Capstone project: design an L2 strategy for a protocol
– Shareable certificate of completion
– Lifetime access to course materials and updates

Learn at your own pace. Most learners complete this course in 8–12 weeks.

What you will be able to do

  • Can explain why Layer 2s exist and the scalability trilemma trade-offs
  • Can distinguish optimistic rollups from ZK rollups and evaluate each for a given use case
  • Can describe sequencer design, MEV, and decentralization strategies in rollup systems
  • Can evaluate data availability solutions (blobs, alt-DA) and their cost and security implications
  • Can identify bridge failure modes and design cross-chain interactions safely
  • Can deploy and test smart contracts on Arbitrum, Base, and OP Stack chains
  • Can measure and optimize gas costs and user experience on L2s
  • Can select the right L2 for an application based on throughput, cost, security, and ecosystem needs

Curriculum 7 modules · 26 lessons

1Why Layer 2s Exist4 lessons
  1. Why Ethereum Needs Scaling Preview8 min
  2. The Scalability Trilemma 10 min
  3. L2 Design Space: Sidechains, Plasma, Rollups 12 min
  4. Rollup Economics and Cost Breakdown 10 min
2Optimistic Rollups4 lessons
  1. How Optimistic Rollups Work 14 min
  2. Fraud Proofs and Interactive Verification 12 min
  3. Arbitrum Architecture and AVM 12 min
  4. OP Stack Design and Customization 10 min
3Zero-Knowledge Rollups4 lessons
  1. ZK Rollup Fundamentals 14 min
  2. Building ZK Circuits for State Transitions 16 min
  3. Prover Systems and Hardware 12 min
  4. ZK Rollups in Production 10 min
4Sequencers, MEV, and Data Availability4 lessons
  1. Sequencer Design and Decentralization 14 min
  2. MEV on L2s and Mitigation 12 min
  3. EIP-4844 Blobs and Cost Reduction 12 min
  4. Alternative Data Availability Solutions 10 min
5Bridges and Cross-Chain Safety4 lessons
  1. How Bridges Work 12 min
  2. Bridge Failure Modes and Exploits 14 min
  3. Designing Safe Cross-Chain Interactions 12 min
  4. Bridge Economics and Liquidity 10 min
6Building on L2s4 lessons
  1. Deploying to Arbitrum 14 min
  2. Deploying to Base and OP Stack Chains 12 min
  3. Gas Optimization on L2s 12 min
  4. UX and User Onboarding on L2s 10 min
7Choosing and Operating on L2s (Capstone)2 lessons
  1. L2 Comparison Framework 12 min
  2. Capstone: Design an L2 Strategy for Your Protocol 90 min

Taught by Block Relations

Research & Education · Built for a blockchain developer or protocol engineer who understands Ethereum basics (accounts, smart contracts, gas) and wants to build scalable applications. They need to understand L2 trade-offs, deploy contracts to production L2s, and architect systems that work across multiple chains.

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