Storage vs Memory vs Calldata, Gas Implications

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The concept Every reference-type variable in Solidity (arrays, structs, mappings, and strings/bytes) must declare a data location: storage, memory, or calldata. These aren't style choices — they tell the compiler which part of the EVM's address space holds the data and therefore what it costs to read or write it, and in some cases they change whether you're operating on……

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